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The population of Afghanistan is around 32 million as of 2015,〔 which includes the 2.7 million Afghans citizens that are residing temporarily in Pakistan and Iran.〔 The nation is composed of a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society, reflecting its location astride historic trade and invasion routes between Central Asia, Southern Asia, and Western Asia. The largest ethnic group among Afghanistan's population is the Pashtuns followed by Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch and others.〔 Pashto and Dari are both the official languages of the country.〔 Dari (Afghan Persian) is mostly spoken in the Tajik and Hazara dominated areas while Pashto is spoken mainly in the Pashtun tribal areas south of the Hindu Kush mountains. Uzbek language and Turkmen language are spoken in parts of the north. Smaller groups in various parts of the country speak about 30 other languages.〔 Multilingualism is common throughout the country, especially in the major cities. Islam is the religion of more than 99% of Afghanistan. An estimated 80-90% of the population practice Sunni Islam and belong to the Hanafi Islamic law school while 7-19% are Shia,〔〔〔 majority of the Shia follow the Twelver branch with smaller numbers of Ismailis. The remaining 1% or less practice other religions such as Sikhism and Hinduism. Excluding urban populations in the principal cities, most Afghans are organized into tribal and other kinship-based groups, who follow their own traditional customs: for instance Pashtunwali. Majority of the Afghans live in rural areas and are involved in agricultural activities. == Population statistics == As of 2013, the total population of Afghanistan is around 32,564,342, which includes the 2.7 million Afghan citizens that are living in Pakistan and Iran.〔 In 2009, a nationwide survey conducted by the Afghan Central Statistics Organization (CSO) estimated that the total number of Afghans living inside Afghanistan was about 24.5 million and by 2011 it reached 26 million. Of this, 5.7 million people (some 22%) were reported to be living in urban areas and the rest in rural or countryside. After the 1978 Marxist coup, hundreds of Afghans began leaving the country as refugees - most of these were related to the ousted president Mohammad Daoud Khan. In 1979, the population was reported to be about 15.5 million.〔"(United Nations and Afghanistan )". UN News Centre. Retrieved 29 December 2013. 〕 From the start of the Soviet invasion on 24 December 1979 until the end of 1983, some 4 million people, a quarter of the population, left the country to take shelter in neighboring northwestern Pakistan and eastern Iran. The Statistical Yearbook published in 1983 by the Babrak Karmal government claimed a total population of 15.96 million for 1981–82. Some suggest that between 600,000 to 2 million Afghans were killed during the various 1979–2001 wars, majority of them during the Soviet war in the 1980s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Afghanistan (1979–2001) )〕 According to the Population Reference Bureau, the Afghan population is estimated to increase to 82 million by 2050.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Afghanistan – Population Reference Bureau )〕 Urban areas are experiencing rapid population growth since the Karzai administration began in late 2001, which is mainly due to the return of over 5 million expats. The only city in Afghanistan with over a million residents is its capital, Kabul. The other largest cities in the country are shown in the chart below. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demographics of Afghanistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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